Re: Moon was split in two - Quran scientific error refuted



إن الحمد لله، نحمده ونستعينه ونستغفره، ونعوذ بالله تعالى من شرور أنفسنا وسيئات أعمالنا، من يهده الله فلا مضل له، ومن يضلل فلا هادي له، وأشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له، وأشهد أن محمداً عبده ورسوله.

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ [آل عمران:102] .

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا [النساء:1] .

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا * يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا [الأحزاب:70-71].

أما بعد: فإن أصدق الحديث كتاب الله، وخير الهدي هدي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، وشر الأمور محدثاتها، وكل محدثة بدعة، وكل بدعة ضلالة، وكل ضلالة في النار.

Praise be to Allah, Benediction and Peace be on the Messenger of Allah, his family, his companions, and his adherents.
All Praise be to Allah, we praise Him, seek His help and His forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of our souls and evils of our deeds. One whom Allah guides, none can lead him astray, and one whom He let astray, none can guide him. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad (SAW) is His servant and His messenger.

O you who believe. Fear Allah truly, and don't die except in a state of Islam (3:102).

O Men fear your Lord who created you from one soul, and created its partner, and from them spread men and women in numbers. Take care, Allah will question you about it and the kinship. Surely, Allah is ever watchful of your deeds (4:1).

O those who believe. Fear Allah and say what is correct so that it fits you. He will forgive your sins. Whoever obeys Allah and His messenger that is a great achievement (33:70-71).

The best of speech is the speech of Allah. That is The Book of Allah. The best of guidance is the guidance of Muhammad. Of all matters, the worst are innovations; and everything new is an innovation, and every innovation is a deviation, and every deviation leads to Hell-fire.
I Seek refuge with ALLAH from the accursed devil,
In the name of ALLAH, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
54:1
اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ
The Hour has come near, and the moon has split [in two].
54:2
وَإِن يَرَوْا آيَةً يُعْرِضُوا وَيَقُولُوا سِحْرٌ مُّسْتَمِرٌّ
And if they see a miracle, they turn away and say, "Passing magic."
54:3
وَكَذَّبُوا وَاتَّبَعُوا أَهْوَاءَهُمْ ۚ وَكُلُّ أَمْرٍ مُّسْتَقِرٌّ
And they denied and followed their inclinations. But for every matter is a [time of] settlement.
54:4
وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُم مِّنَ الْأَنبَاءِ مَا فِيهِ مُزْدَجَرٌ
And there has already come to them of information that in which there is deterrence -
54:5
حِكْمَةٌ بَالِغَةٌ ۖ فَمَا تُغْنِ النُّذُرُ
Extensive wisdom - but warning does not avail [them].
54:6
فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ ۘ يَوْمَ يَدْعُ الدَّاعِ إِلَىٰ شَيْءٍ نُّكُرٍ
So leave them, [O Muhammad]. The Day the Caller calls to something forbidding,
When has the moon split ?

 Narrated Anas:

That the Meccan people requested Allah's Apostle to show them a miracle, and so he showed them the splitting of the moon.



حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ،‏.‏ وَقَالَ لِي خَلِيفَةُ حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُمْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يُرِيَهُمْ آيَةً، فَأَرَاهُمُ انْشِقَاقَ الْقَمَرِ‏.‏
What did they see in between the 2 halves ?

Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī > Merits of the Helpers in Madinah (Ansaar) - كتاب مناقب الأنصار >

Narrated Anas bin Malik:

The people of Mecca asked Allah's Apostle to show them a miracle. So he showed them the moon split in two halves between which they saw the Hiraa' mountain.



حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه أَنَّ أَهْلَ، مَكَّةَ سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يُرِيَهُمْ آيَةً، فَأَرَاهُمُ الْقَمَرَ شِقَّتَيْنِ، حَتَّى رَأَوْا حِرَاءً بَيْنَهُمَا‏.‏
What did the prophet said ?

Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim > the Day of Judgement, Paradise and Hell - كتاب صفة القيامة والجنة والنار >

Abu Ma'mar reported on the authority of Abdullah that the moon was split up during lifetime by Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) in two parts and Allah's Messenger said:

Bear testimony to this.
حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ، وَزُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي، نَجِيحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ انْشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِشِقَّتَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ اشْهَدُوا ‏"‏ ‏.‏
 What was the reaction of disbeleivers to this amazing miracle ?

As Allah said in the sura (above):

"And when these people see a sign, they turn away and say, "(This is) a transient magic." [2] And they have rejected (the Truth) and followed their desires, while every matter has to be settled (at some time). [3] And there has come to them as much news (of the earlier communities) as contains enough to warn, [4] a perfect wisdom, but the warnings are of no avail (to them)."

The narration of Sayyidna 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud is recorded by Baihaqi and Abu Dawud Tayalisi in the following words: "In Makkah, the moon was split into two parts. The disbelieving Quraish claimed:

'This is sorcery. Ibn Abi Kabshah [the Prophet] has ensorcelled you. Therefore, wait for the neighboring travelers to arrive. If they too have seen the two pieces of the moon, so he has spoken the truth. But if they have not seen the parts of the moon, then this is indeed a magical illusion which he has performed on you.'

When the travelers arrived and were asked about it, they all confirmed that they did see the two parts of the moon.':

(Ibn Kathir)
Polytheists called the prophet " Ibn Abi Kabshah" What does that mean ?
Ibn= son of
Abi = father of
Kabshah:

Ibn Abi Kabdhah:
Polytheists used to call the prophet by it.
for example: The story of prophet's letter to Caesar
Quote:
Abu Sufyan added, "When Heraclius had finished his speech, there was a great hue and cry caused by the Byzantine Royalties surrounding him, and there was so much noise that I did not understand what they said. So, we were turned out of the court. When I went out with my companions and we were alone, I said to them, 'Verily, Ibn Abi Kabsha's (i.e. the Prophet's) affair has gained power. This is the King of Bani Al-Asfar fearing him." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah, I remained low and was sure that his religion would be victorious till Allah converted me to Islam, though I disliked it."
http://sunnah.com/urn/169570
http://bukhariexplanation.wordpress.com/hadith-7/

Abu Kabshah:"kunia"-surname

Wagz Ibn Aamer -Man from "Khuzaa" tribe worshipped "Asheraa" instead of conventional idols of Quraish - left fathers idols. So they called him his son as he also left fathers idols.

Others said it was "kunia"-surname of Wahb ibn `Abd Manaf ibn Zuhrah, the chief of the tribe of Zuhrah - father of of Aminah, Prophet's mother.

Others: the husband of his nursing mother.- Alharith ibn Abdul-Uzzah.

كان مشركو مكة يقولون للنبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : ابن أبي كبشة ; وأبو كبشة : كنية . وفي حديث أبي سفيان وهرقل : لقد أمر أمر ابن أبي كبشة ; يعني رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أصله أن أبا كبشة رجل من خزاعة خالف قريشا في عبادة الأوثان وعبد الشعرى العبور فسمى المشركون سيدنا رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ابن أبي كبشة لخلافه إياهم إلى عبادة الله تعالى ، تشبيها به ، كما خالفهم أبو كبشة إلى عبادة الشعرى ; معناه أنه خالفنا كما خالفنا ابن أبي كبشة . وقال آخرون : أبو كبشة كنية وهب بن عبد مناف جد سيدنا رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - من قبل أمه فنسب إليه ؛ لأنه كان نزع إليه في الشبه ، وقيل : إنما قيل له ابن أبي كبشة ؛ لأن أبا كبشة كان زوج المرأة التي أرضعته - صلى الله عليه وسلم - .

ابن أبي كبشة أراد به النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لأن أبا كبشة أحد أجداده , وعادة العرب إذا انتقصت نسبت إلى جد غامض , قال أبو الحسن النسابة الجرجاني : هو جد وهب جد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لأمه . وهذا فيه نظر ; لأن وهبا جد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم اسم أمه عاتكة بنت الأوقص بن مرة بن هلال , ولم يقل أحد من أهل النسب إن الأوقص يكنى أبا كبشة . وقيل هو جد عبد المطلب لأمه , وفيه نظر أيضا ; لأن أم عبد المطلب سلمى بنت عمرو بن زيد الخزرجي ولم يقل أحد من أهل النسب إن عمرو بن زيد يكنى أبا كبشة . ولكن ذكر ابن حبيب في المجتبى جماعة من أجداد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من قبل أبيه ومن قبل أمه كل واحد منهم يكنى أبا كبشة , وقيل هو أبوه من الرضاعة واسمه الحارث بن عبد العزى قاله أبو الفتح الأزدي وابن ماكولا , وذكر يونس بن بكير عن ابن إسحاق عن أبيه عن رجال من قومه أنه أسلم وكانت له بنت تسمى كبشة يكنى بها , وقال ابن قتيبة والخطابي والدارقطني : هو رجل من خزاعة خالف قريشا في عبادة الأوثان فعبد الشعرى فنسبوه إليه للاشتراك في مطلق المخالفة , وكذا قاله الزبير , قال : واسمه وجز بن عامر بن غالب
  
Does the Ayah refer to the fact that the moon will split before the destruction of the world ?
Ali Unal's commentary - Surah Qamar 54:1:

"Some modern commentators claim that the verse refers to the fact that the moon will split before the destruction of the world.

However, the second verse rejects this assertion. The signs to appear before the destruction of the world will decisively prove that the Last Hour has come and this is the time when the world will be destroyed.

But the second verse clearly says that the unbelievers reacted to the splitting of the moon by claiming that it was sorcery, and they showed the same reaction to many similar signs.

Hasan al-Basri and 'Ata' ibn ar-Rabah, who asserted that the moon would split before the destruction of the world, did not deny the occurrence of this miracle as evidence of the Prophethood of Muhammad, in Makkah."

So, moon splitting isn't a sign of the last day- hereafter ?

It is !

Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim >  the Day of Judgement, Paradise and Hell - كتاب صفة القيامة والجنة والنار > Hadith
Abdullah said that five signs have (become things) of the past (and have proved the truth of the Holy Prophet):

(Enveloping) by the smoke, inevitable (punishment to the Meccans at Badr), (the victory of) Rome, (violent) seizing (of the Meccans at Badr) and (the splitting up of) the Moon.


حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ خَمْسٌ قَدْ مَضَيْنَ الدُّخَانُ وَاللِّزَامُ وَالرُّومُ وَالْبَطْشَةُ وَالْقَمَرُ ‏.‏


The Prophet, upon whom be peace, said, whilst pointing with his index and middle fingers, "The time of my advent and the Hour are like these two fingers." In another report he said, "The Hour almost came before me."

This indicates how close we are, relatively speaking- to history of life on earth, to the Hour.

Six-fold consensus:

http://www.theholybook.org/content/view/4847/4/

Out of all the evidence of the occurrence of this miracle, we will mention only six, as these six have the strength of a six-fold consensus:
The Companions of the Prophet, all people of justice and truthfulness, agreed that it took place.

All exacting Qur'ānic interpreters agreed that the moon split upon a gesture of the Prophet Muhammad's finger.

All truthful narrators and scholars of Hadīth narrated this incident through various authentic channels of transmission.

All people of truth and sainthood, as well as of inspiration and spiritual discovery, testify that this event took place.

All foremost theologians and learned scholars confirm this event, despite other differences of opinions.
Muhammad's community, which an authentic Prophetic Tradition states can never agree on an error, accepts its occurrence.

Why wasn't this miracle recorded and transmitted in the history?


Although there are serious studies showing that it was seen by some in such countries as India, and that it was recorded,we deem it useful to mention the following points concerning the event as an answer to the question:
Such objections arise from considering the splitting of the moon as if it were a natural event, whereas it was a miracle. A miracle is created by God to decisively prove the Prophethood of His Messengers to his opponents, so it is not necessary that others should see it. So this miracle was primarily shown to the Makkan polytheists and occurred before a group of people to convince them of Muhammad's Prophethood. It happened momentarily at a time of night when people were sleeping; such obstacles as mist, clouds, and time differences may have prevented others from seeing it.

The obstinacy of the Prophet Muhammad's disbelieving contemporaries is well-known and recorded. When the Qur'ān announced this incident of the moon splitting, not one unbeliever dared contradict it. If they had not seen this event, they would have used this verse as a pretext to attack the Prophet more formidably. However, neither the biographies of the Prophet nor history books report anything that even suggests that they denied the occurrence of this event. Their reaction was only to say that it was sorcery of the Prophet's doing. They declared the event to be sorcery, and further added that if the Makkan caravans in other places had seen it, then it had truly happened; otherwise, the Prophet, upon him be peace and blessings, had bewitched them. When the caravans arrived the following morning from Yemen and other places and announced that they had seen this miracle, the unbelievers replied: "The sorcery of Abu Tālib's orphan has affected even the heavens!" (Since the miracle was created for the Makkan polytheists, the Almighty allowed their caravans to see it as well.)

 The majority of the foremost scholars, after carrying out meticulous research, such as Sa'du'd-Dīn at-Taftazānī, concluded that the splitting of the Moon is mutawātir. That is, it has been transmitted down the generations by one truthful group after another, and that the transmitters form such a vast community that they would be unable to agree on a lie. It is as certain as Haley's comet, which appeared 1,000 years before (its last appearance in 1986), or the existence of an island we have not seen.

Prophets work miracles to prove their claim of Prophethood and to convince deniers, not to compel belief. Thus, every miracle is shown to convince those who heard the claim of Prophethood. If they somehow forced everyone to see or believe in them, the Wisdom of the All-Wise One, the Divine purpose for creating us with free will and sending religion, which entails that the ground be prepared for willing acceptance, would be violated.

 Thus, for instance, if the All-Wise Creator had left the moon in two pieces for several hours, so that everyone could see it and record it in their historical records, it would have been regarded as only another astronomical event instead of a miracle unique to Muhammad's Messengership or an evidence of his Prophethood.

Some argue that if this event had really occurred, it would have been mentioned in Chinese, Japanese, and Native American historical accounts. But how could they have seen it for, in addition to other obstacles, it was barely sunset in such European countries as Spain, France, and England (all enveloped in mists of ignorance), daytime in America, and morning in China and Japan.
The following will give the reader some idea of corresponding world times to 9:00 pm Mecca time:
Country
 Time
 Mecca
 9:00 pm

 India
 11:30 pm

 Perth
 2:00 am

 Reykjavik
 6:00 pm

 Washington D.C.
 2:00 pm

 Rio de Janeiro
 3:00 pm

 Tokyo
 3:00 am

 Beijing
 2:00 am
Also, it is not likely that a large number of people in lands close by would be observing the moon at the exact same time. They had no reason to. Even if some one did, it does not necessarily mean people kept a written record of it, especially when many civilizations at that time did not preserve their own history in writing.

 This miracle is not an ordinary incident that happened due to particular causes or randomly, enabling us to criticize it based on the law of cause and effect. Rather, the All-Wise Creator of the sun and the moon made it an extraordinary event to confirm His Messenger's Prophethood and support his claim.
http://www.theholybook.org/content/view/4847/4/
http://2bmuslim.blogspot.com/2011/12...-when-god.html

NASA & the miracle !

A spider web of cracks on the crater floor suggested to R. B. Baldwin (1968) that the floor was bowed up in the middle. Later, dark mare lavas flooded low areas in the outer part of the floor and covered the cracks. A peculiar "bull's eye" double crater on the crater floor has several counterparts elsewhere on the Moon. The origin of these double craters is a continuing puzzle.-K.A.H.
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-362/ch5.6.htm



The origin of lunar sinuous rilles remains controversial. Among the alternatives proposed are lava channels and lava tubes, but fracture control is decidedly apparent in some places
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-362/ch6.2.htm 





______________________________
The V shaped rille originates in a cleft at the base of the mountains in the south

http://history.nasa.gov/SP-362/hrp193.jpg



Some of these trenches cut across the surrounding plains, uplands, and craters and may record preferred directions of breakage of the lunar crust caused by internal stresses.

Sinuous rilles are now thought to be remnants of ancient lava flows, but the origins of arcuate and linear rilles are still a topic of research.
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap021029.html

Many trenches are curvilinear; some appear to be transitional between straight rilles and sinuous rilles.-H.M.
 http://history.nasa.gov/SP-362/ch6.3.htm



The crater floor is typical of those that exhibit both radial and concentric cracks, or fissures. The fissures and cracks appear to be related to the uplift of the crater floor subsequent to the formation of the crater.


http://history.nasa.gov/SP-362/hrp201.jpg


  

This detailed view of a mare surface near the eastern edge of Mare Serenitatis, just west of the Apollo 17 landing site, shows the numerous small grooves. They are unusual features that have not been observed in such large numbers elsewhere


----------------------------------

A likely explanation is that they are the result of drainage of unconsolidated regolith into openings caused by fissuring in the consolidated bedrock
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-362/ch6.3.htm

Q:This one has a line around it, but that's not the moon, it's the Death Star ( fictional moon-sized space station in the Star Wars movies ).



while we can't see this on the moon:


How to explain ?

NASA answers:

A spider web of cracks on the crater floor suggested to R. B. Baldwin (1968) that the floor was bowed up in the middle. Later, dark mare lavas flooded low areas in the outer part of the floor and covered the cracks. A peculiar "bull's eye" double crater on the crater floor has several counterparts elsewhere on the Moon. The origin of these double craters is a continuing puzzle.-K.A.H

Find it here
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-362/ch5.6.htm

Allah knows best ! 
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